Anal cancer is an uncommon
type of cancer that occurs in the anal canal. Being infected with human
papillomavirus (HPV) increases the risk of developing anal cancer. Signs of
anal cancer include bleeding from the anus or rectum or a lump near the anus.
What are anal cancer signs and symptoms?
- Bleeding from the anus or rectum
- Pain in the area of the anus
- A mass or growth in the anal canal
- Anal itching
What are anal cancers Causes?
Anal cancer forms when a
genetic mutation turns normal, healthy cells into abnormal cells. Anal cancer
is closely related to a sexually transmitted infection called human
papillomavirus (HPV). Evidence of HPV is detected in the majority of anal
cancers. HPV is thought to be the most common cause of anal cancers.
Several factors have been found to increase the risk of
anal cancer, including:
- Older age: Most cases of anal cancer occur in people age 50 and older.
- Many sexual partners: People who have many sexual partners over their lifetimes have a greater risk of anal cancer.
- Anal sex: People who engage in receptive anal sex have an increased risk of anal cancer.
- Smoking: Smoking cigarettes may increase the risk of anal cancer.
- History of cancer: Those who have had cervical, vulvar or vaginal cancer have an increased risk of anal cancer.
- Human papillomavirus (HPV): HPV infection increases your risk of several cancers, including anal cancer and cervical cancer. The HPV infection is a sexually transmitted infection that can also cause genital warts.
For anal cancer, there are 3
main types of treatment: surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.
Treatment options and recommendations depend on several factors, including
- The type, stage, and grade of cancer
- Possible side effects
- The patient’s preferences
- The patient’s overall health
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